Antonyms: Opposites in Meaning and Context
A bilingual guide to English antonyms, types of opposition, prefixes, contextual meaning and common traps.
Published by: TET Sampan Editorial Team Reviewed by: English Content Review Team
Antonyms: Opposites in Meaning and Context
Antonym কী?
যেসব words বিপরীত বা contrastive meaning প্রকাশ করে তাদের antonyms বলে। Opposite নির্বাচন সবসময় context অনুযায়ী হয়।
- hot ↔ cold
- accept ↔ reject
- victory ↔ defeat
- expand ↔ contract
Gradable Antonyms
দুটি extreme-এর মাঝখানে intermediate degrees থাকতে পারে।
- hot ↔ cold
- rich ↔ poor
- easy ↔ difficult
- large ↔ small
Not hot মানেই সবসময় cold নয়; warm বা cool হতে পারে।
Complementary Antonyms
একটির অনুপস্থিতি অন্যটি বোঝায়; middle state সাধারণত নেই।
- alive ↔ dead
- present ↔ absent
- legal ↔ illegal
- true ↔ false
Converse/Relational Antonyms
একই সম্পর্ককে বিপরীত viewpoint থেকে প্রকাশ করে।
- buy ↔ sell
- lend ↔ borrow
- give ↔ receive
- parent ↔ child
- employer ↔ employee
Lend/borrow-এর মতো pair-এ direction ভুল করা সাধারণ trap।
Reversive Antonyms
কাজ বা পরিবর্তন উল্টে দেয়।
- tie ↔ untie
- lock ↔ unlock
- enter ↔ exit
- rise ↔ fall
- assemble ↔ dismantle
Context Changes the Opposite
- a light bag ↔ heavy bag
- a light room ↔ dark room
- a hard question ↔ easy question
- a hard surface ↔ soft surface
- a sharp knife ↔ blunt knife
- a sharp turn ↔ gentle turn
একটি word-এর sense না বুঝে antonym নির্বাচন করা যাবে না।
Negative Prefixes
un-
- happy ↔ unhappy
- fair ↔ unfair
- certain ↔ uncertain
in-/im-/il-/ir-
- accurate ↔ inaccurate
- possible ↔ impossible
- legal ↔ illegal
- regular ↔ irregular
dis-
- honest ↔ dishonest
- agree ↔ disagree
- approve ↔ disapprove
non-/mis-
- verbal ↔ non-verbal
- understand ↔ misunderstand — not always exact antonym
Prefix mechanicalভাবে যোগ করা সবসময় valid word তৈরি করে না।
Common Antonym Groups
Character
- honest ↔ dishonest
- brave ↔ cowardly
- kind ↔ cruel
- humble ↔ arrogant
- generous ↔ selfish/stingy
Quantity and Size
- abundant ↔ scarce
- maximum ↔ minimum
- increase ↔ decrease
- expand ↔ contract
- immense ↔ tiny
Action
- accept ↔ reject
- permit ↔ forbid
- include ↔ exclude
- create ↔ destroy
- advance ↔ retreat
- reveal ↔ conceal
Time and Age
- ancient ↔ modern
- permanent ↔ temporary
- early ↔ late
- former ↔ latter
- frequent ↔ rare
Emotion and Attitude
- optimistic ↔ pessimistic
- cheerful ↔ gloomy
- calm ↔ agitated
- willing ↔ reluctant
- friendly ↔ hostile
Truth and Clarity
- true ↔ false
- genuine ↔ fake
- clear/lucid ↔ obscure
- explicit ↔ implicit
- accurate ↔ inaccurate
Part of Speech মিলান
- success (noun) ↔ failure (noun)
- successful (adjective) ↔ unsuccessful (adjective)
- succeed (verb) ↔ fail (verb)
Option-এর grammatical category sentence-এর সঙ্গে মিলতে হবে।
Intensity and Natural Opposition
সব synonym-এর একই antonym হয় না।
- warm ↔ cool
- hot ↔ cold
- boiling ↔ freezing
Question-এর degree অনুযায়ী strongest natural opposite নির্বাচন করুন।
Passage-based Antonym Strategy
- Target word-এর specific meaning ধরুন।
- তার part of speech নির্ধারণ করুন।
- Positive/negative tone দেখুন।
- Option sentence-এ বসিয়ে contrast পরীক্ষা করুন।
- Prefix দেখে তাড়াহুড়ো না করে full meaning যাচাই করুন।
Frequently Tested Pairs
- abundant ↔ scarce
- artificial ↔ natural
- bold ↔ timid
- complex ↔ simple
- conceal ↔ reveal
- diligent ↔ lazy
- domestic ↔ foreign
- enormous ↔ tiny
- flexible ↔ rigid
- hostile ↔ friendly
- innocent ↔ guilty
- liberty ↔ captivity
- major ↔ minor
- permanent ↔ temporary
- praise ↔ condemn
- private ↔ public
- rapid ↔ slow
- superior ↔ inferior
- vacant ↔ occupied
- wisdom ↔ folly
Common Traps
- lend ↔ borrow — viewpoint পরিবর্তন
- remember ↔ forget
- rise ↔ fall, but raise ↔ lower
- accept ↔ reject, except is unrelated
- precede ↔ follow; proceed is different
- optimistic ↔ pessimistic, not realistic
Double Negatives
Negative prefix-যুক্ত word-এর সঙ্গে আরেক negative দিলে intended meaning বদলাতে পারে।
- It is not impossible. = সম্ভব হতে পারে
- Nobody did nothing. — non-standard if intended nobody did anything
Antonym transformation-এ polarity carefully দেখুন।
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