Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal Verbs (Verb + Particle)

Phrasal Verb কী?

Verb-এর সঙ্গে adverb particle বা preposition যুক্ত হয়ে নতুন lexical meaning তৈরি করলে তাকে phrasal verb বা broader multi-word verb বলা হয়।

• give up = stop/abandon
• look after = take care of
• call off = cancel
• find out = discover

Overall meaning অনেক সময় base verb থেকে অনুমান করা যায় না।

Particle এবং Preposition

একই ছোট word কখনও particle, কখনও preposition। Structure ও stress ভিন্ন হতে পারে। Practical learning-এ whole expression ও object pattern একসঙ্গে শিখুন।

Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

Transitive

Object লাগে।

• Please turn off the light.
• She looked after the child.

Intransitive

Object লাগে না।

• The car broke down.
• Please sit down.
• The plane took off.

Separable Phrasal Verbs

Noun object মাঝখানে বা পরে বসতে পারে।

• turn off the light
• turn the light off

Pronoun object অবশ্যই মাঝখানে:

• turn it off
• Incorrect: turn off it

Common separable forms: turn on/off, pick up, put off, call off, fill in, hand in, work out।

Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Object particle/preposition-এর পরে; মাঝখানে বসে না।

• look after the child
• look after him
• Incorrect: look him after

Common forms: look after, run into, come across, get over, deal with, rely on।

Three-word Phrasal Verbs

সাধারণত inseparable।

• look forward to
• put up with
• come up with
• get along with
• run out of

• I look forward to meeting you.
• We have run out of water.

To এখানে preposition, তাই gerund হতে পারে।

Phrasal Verbs with Get

• get up — rise from bed
• get on — board/progress
• get off — leave a vehicle
• get over — recover from
• get along with — have a good relationship
• get through — complete/contact/survive
• get rid of — remove

• She soon got over her illness.
• How do you get along with your colleagues?

Phrasal Verbs with Look

• look after — care for
• look for — search
• look into — investigate
• look up — search for information/improve
• look down on — consider inferior
• look up to — respect
• look forward to — anticipate with pleasure

• The committee will look into the complaint.
• Children often look up to their teachers.

Phrasal Verbs with Take

• take after — resemble
• take off — remove/depart suddenly
• take up — begin a hobby/occupy
• take over — assume control
• take in — understand/deceive/provide lodging
• take back — return/retract

• She takes after her mother.
• The new manager took over yesterday.

Phrasal Verbs with Put

• put off — postpone
• put on — wear/activate/pretend
• put out — extinguish/inconvenience
• put up — raise/display/provide accommodation
• put up with — tolerate
• put forward — propose

• The meeting was put off.
• I cannot put up with this noise.

Phrasal Verbs with Bring

• bring up — raise a child/mention
• bring about — cause
• bring back — return/recall
• bring out — publish/emphasise
• bring down — reduce/cause to fall

• Education can bring about social change.

Phrasal Verbs with Call

• call off — cancel
• call on — visit/request to speak
• call for — require/collect
• call back — return a phone call

• The match was called off because of rain.
• This situation calls for patience.

Phrasal Verbs with Break

• break down — stop functioning/lose emotional control
• break out — begin suddenly/escape
• break into — enter forcibly
• break up — separate/end/disperse
• break through — make an important advance

• The car broke down.
• A fire broke out in the market.

Phrasal Verbs with Turn

• turn on/off — activate/deactivate
• turn up — arrive/increase
• turn down — reject/reduce
• turn into — transform
• turn out — prove/result/attend

• She turned down the offer.
• The event turned out well.

Phrasal Verbs with Give

• give up — stop/abandon
• give in — surrender
• give away — donate/reveal
• give back — return
• give out — distribute/stop functioning

• Never give up hope.
• His expression gave away the secret.

Phrasal Verbs with Come

• come across — find by chance
• come back — return
• come up — arise
• come up with — produce an idea
• come out — be published/become known

• I came across an old photograph.
• She came up with a practical solution.

Phrasal Verbs with Go

• go on — continue/happen
• go through — experience/examine
• go over — review
• go off — explode/ring/spoil
• go with — match/accompany

• Please go over your answers.
• The alarm went off at six.

Phrasal Verbs with Set

• set up — establish/arrange
• set off/out — begin a journey/trigger
• set aside — reserve/disregard temporarily
• set back — delay/cost

• They set up a reading club.
• We set out before sunrise.

Multiple Meanings

Context না দেখে translation করলে ভুল হয়।

take off:

• The plane took off. — departed
• Take off your shoes. — remove
• Her business took off. — became successful quickly

pick up:

• pick up a book — lift
• pick up a passenger — collect
• pick up a language — learn informally
• pick up after illness — improve

Formal Single-word Equivalents

• put off → postpone
• call off → cancel
• find out → discover
• look into → investigate
• bring about → cause
• carry out → perform
• set up → establish
• turn down → reject

Formal equivalent সব context-এ exact replacement নাও হতে পারে।

Phrasal Verb in Passive

Transitive phrasal verb passive হতে পারে; particle থাকে।

• They called off the match.
• The match was called off.

• She looked after the child.
• The child was looked after.

Common Errors

• Incorrect: Please turn off it.
• Correct: Please turn it off.

• Incorrect: She looks her brother after.
• Correct: She looks after her brother.

• Incorrect: I look forward to meet you.
• Correct: I look forward to meeting you.

• Incorrect: We discussed about the issue.
• Correct: We discussed the issue. — discuss is not a phrasal verb

• Incorrect: He entered into the room.
• Correct: He entered the room.

Learning Strategy

প্রতিটি phrasal verb চারটি তথ্যসহ শিখুন:

1. meaning
2. transitive/intransitive
3. separable/inseparable
4. one natural example

শুধু Bengali meaning মুখস্থ করলে pronoun position ও object pattern ভুল হতে পারে।

আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Phrasal Verbs: বাংলা অর্থ ও English Examples

Ask, Back, Bear and Carry

• ask for — চাওয়া: She asked for a glass of water.
• ask after — কুশল জিজ্ঞাসা করা: He asked after your mother.
• back up — সমর্থন করা: The evidence backs up her claim.
• bear with — ধৈর্য ধরে অপেক্ষা করা: Please bear with me for a moment.
• bear out — সত্যতা প্রমাণ করা: The facts bear out his statement.
• carry on — চালিয়ে যাওয়া: Please carry on with your work.
• carry out — সম্পাদন করা: The researchers carried out an experiment.
• catch up with — সমান অবস্থায় পৌঁছানো: Walk faster to catch up with the group.

Check, Clear and Cut

• check in — নাম নথিভুক্ত করা: We checked in two hours before the flight.
• check out — যাচাই করা: You should check out the facts first.
• clear up — সমাধান করা: The police cleared up the mystery.
• cut down on — ব্যবহার কমানো: You should cut down on sugar.
• cut off — সংযোগ বিচ্ছিন্ন করা: The storm cut off the village from the town.
• cut out — বাদ দেওয়া বা বন্ধ করা: The doctor advised him to cut out junk food.

Do, Draw and Drop

• do away with — বিলোপ করা: The school did away with the old rule.
• do without — ছাড়াই চলা: We cannot do without clean water.
• draw up — খসড়া তৈরি করা: The committee drew up a new plan.
• draw back — পিছিয়ে আসা: She drew back when she saw the snake.
• drop in — হঠাৎ দেখা করতে আসা: Please drop in whenever you are nearby.
• drop out — পড়াশোনা ছেড়ে দেওয়া: He dropped out of college for financial reasons.

Fall, Fill and Hold

• fall apart — ভেঙে পড়া: The old chair fell apart.
• fall behind — পিছিয়ে পড়া: She fell behind because of her illness.
• fall for — প্রতারণায় বিশ্বাস করা: Do not fall for such false promises.
• fall through — পরিকল্পনা ব্যর্থ হওয়া: Our travel plan fell through.
• fill in — ফাঁকা স্থান পূরণ করা: Fill in the form in capital letters.
• hold back — আটকে রাখা: She could not hold back her tears.
• hold on — অপেক্ষা করা: Hold on while I check the record.
• hold up — বিলম্ব ঘটানো: Heavy traffic held us up.

Keep, Let and Make

• keep away from — দূরে থাকা: Keep away from the damaged wire.
• keep on — চালিয়ে যাওয়া: He kept on asking the same question.
• keep up with — তাল মিলিয়ে চলা: It is difficult to keep up with new technology.
• let down — হতাশ করা: I promise I will not let you down.
• let out — প্রকাশ করা: Someone let out the secret.
• make out — বুঝতে পারা: I could not make out what he was saying.
• make up — বানিয়ে বলা: The boy made up an excuse.
• make up for — ক্ষতিপূরণ করা: Hard work can make up for lost time.

Pass, Pull and Run

• pass away — মারা যাওয়া: The poet passed away at an early age.
• pass on — অন্যকে দেওয়া: Please pass on this message to Mina.
• pass out — অজ্ঞান হয়ে যাওয়া: He passed out because of the heat.
• pull down — ভেঙে ফেলা: The unsafe building was pulled down.
• pull through — অসুস্থতা কাটিয়ে ওঠা: The patient pulled through after surgery.
• run across — হঠাৎ দেখা পাওয়া: I ran across an old friend at the station.
• run after — পেছনে ধাওয়া করা: The dog ran after the ball.
• run out of — ফুরিয়ে যাওয়া: We have run out of milk.

See, Show, Stand and Work

• see off — বিদায় জানানো: We went to the station to see her off.
• see through — আসল উদ্দেশ্য বুঝতে পারা: She saw through his dishonest plan.
• show off — লোক দেখানো: He likes to show off his new phone.
• show up — উপস্থিত হওয়া: Only ten candidates showed up.
• stand by — পাশে থাকা: True friends stand by us in difficult times.
• stand for — বোঝানো: WHO stands for World Health Organization.
• stand out — সহজে চোখে পড়া: Her clear explanation made her stand out.
• work out — সমাধান করা: We finally worked out the answer.
• write down — লিখে রাখা: Write down the important points.

Context অনুযায়ী অর্থ

• The teacher called on Rina. — শিক্ষক রিনাকে উত্তর দিতে বললেন।
• I called on my uncle. — আমি কাকার সঙ্গে দেখা করতে গিয়েছিলাম।
• She put on a coat. — সে একটি coat পরল।
• He put on an accent. — সে ইচ্ছা করে একটি accent নকল করল।

প্রতিটি expression বাংলা অর্থ, English sentence এবং object pattern-সহ শেখা সবচেয়ে কার্যকর।